450 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
450 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# RemoveWeeklySnapshot
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Vmware 虚拟机自动化程序：自动化导出虚拟机和快照信息，自动化删除旧快照。
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## Todo List
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- [x] 连接vCenter/Esxi/Hyper-V
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- [x] 获取所有 vms
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- [x] 获取所有 snapshots
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- [x] 筛选出15天（半个月）前的 snapshots
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- [x] 以上内容以 Excel 表格的形式导出，超出 15 天的快照蓝色底填充标识
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- [ ] 增加排除不能删除的 snapshots 信息，用红色底填充标识
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- [ ] Outlook 邮箱发送统计超过 15 天的 snapshots 信息（即要删除的快照列表）
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- [ ] 需要控制每台 vCenter 不可以同时删除超过 4 个快照（需要同时获取删除成功的信息）
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- [x] 最后删除 15 天前的 snapshot，并同时记录删除的 snapshot 日志信息
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- [ ] 删除成功后发送邮件通知
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- [ ] 设置计划任务，每 2 周（半个月）执行一次
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✅ 多线程删除
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✅ 任务进度显示
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✅ 自动重试机制
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✅ 企业级日志
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✅ 删除前后发送邮件通知
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## 输出所有可用的属性和方法
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| 你想获取 | 代码 | 示例输出 |
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| ------------ | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
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| **名称** | `vm.name` | `"WebServer-01"` |
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| **MOID** | `vm._moId` | `"vm-12"` |
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| **电源状态** | `vm.runtime.powerState` | `poweredOn` / `poweredOff` |
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| **开机时间** | `vm.runtime.bootTime` | `datetime` 对象 |
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| **CPU数** | `vm.config.hardware.numCPU` | `4` |
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| **内存(MB)** | `vm.config.hardware.memoryMB` | `8192` |
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| **操作系统** | `vm.config.guestFullName` | `"CentOS 7 (64-bit)"` |
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| **IP地址** | `vm.guest.ipAddress` | `"192.168.1.100"` |
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| **主机名** | `vm.guest.hostName` | `"webserver01.local"` |
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| **存储路径** | `vm.config.files.vmPathName` | `"[Datastore1] WebServer-01/WebServer-01.vmx"` |
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| **快照数量** | `len(vm.snapshot.rootSnapshotList)` | `3` |
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>以下这些方法和属性主要用于操作虚拟机（VM）、快照、存储和其他资源。
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>
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>vm
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>├── 基础标识
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>│ ├── name VM名称
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>│ └── _moId 内部ID (vm-12)
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>│
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>├── runtime 【运行状态】
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>│ ├── powerState poweredOn/Off/Suspended
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>│ ├── bootTime 开机时间
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>│ └── host 所在物理机
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>│
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>├── config 【硬件配置】
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>│ ├── hardware CPU/内存/硬盘
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>│ ├── guestFullName 操作系统
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>│ └── files VMX文件路径
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>│
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>├── guest 【客户机内部信息】
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>│ ├── hostName 主机名
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>│ ├── ipAddress IP地址
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>│ └── toolsStatus VMware Tools状态
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>│
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>├── snapshot 【快照】
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>│ └── rootSnapshotList 快照树
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>│
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>├── storage 【存储】
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>│ └── perDatastoreUsage 各数据存储用量
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>│
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>├── network 【网络】
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>│ └── [Network] 连接的端口组
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>│
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>└── summary 【快速汇总】
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>├── overallStatus 整体健康状态
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>└── quickStats 实时性能数据
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>
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>1. **AcquireMksTicket / AcquireTicket**：获取访问虚拟机控制台的票据，允许用户通过 Web 界面访问 VM。
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>2. **Clone / CloneVM_Task**：克隆一个虚拟机，创建其副本。
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>3. **CreateSnapshot / CreateSnapshot_Task**：创建虚拟机快照，以保存当前 VM 的状态。
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>4. **Destroy / Destroy_Task**：删除虚拟机及其所有数据。
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>5. **PowerOn / PowerOnVM_Task**：启动虚拟机。
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>6. **PowerOff / PowerOffVM_Task**：关闭虚拟机。
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>7. **Reset / ResetVM_Task**：重置虚拟机，相当于按下重启按钮。
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>8. **RevertToCurrentSnapshot / RevertToCurrentSnapshot_Task**：将虚拟机恢复到当前快照的状态。
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>9. **Migrate / MigrateVM_Task**：迁移虚拟机到不同的主机或数据存储。
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>10. **SetCustomValue**：设置自定义属性值，以便在虚拟机上存储额外信息。
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>
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>### 属性列表
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>
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>这些属性通常包含关于虚拟机或其他资源的状态和配置信息。以下是一些关键属性的说明：
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>
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>1. **name**：虚拟机的名称。
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>2. **guest**：关于虚拟机操作系统的信息，如操作系统类型、版本等。
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>3. **config**：虚拟机的配置详情，例如 CPU、内存、硬盘等。
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>4. **runtime**：虚拟机的运行时状态，包括电源状态（开机、关机、挂起等）。
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>5. **snapshot**：当前虚拟机的快照信息。
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>6. **summary**：虚拟机的概述信息，包括状态、资源使用情况等。
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>7. **resourcePool**：虚拟机所在的资源池。
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>8. **datastore**：虚拟机的存储位置，指向其使用的存储库。
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>9. **overallStatus**：虚拟机的总体状态，可能是正常、警告、错误等。
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>10. **recentTask**：最近执行的任务列表。
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>
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>### 其他属性
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>
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>- **capability**：虚拟机支持的功能，如支持的虚拟硬件版本。
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>- **declaredAlarmState**：声明的警报状态，用于监控虚拟机的健康状况。
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>- **triggeredAlarmState**：触发的警报状态，显示当前激活的警报。
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```python
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for vm in vm_view.view:
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print(dir(vm)) # 输出所有可用的属性和方法
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# print(vm.summary)
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# print(vm.snapshot)
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# print(vars(vm.summary))
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```
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``` json
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['AcquireMksTicket', 'AcquireTicket', 'Answer', 'AnswerVM', 'ApplyEvcMode', 'ApplyEvcModeVM_Task', 'Array', 'AttachDisk', 'AttachDisk_Task', 'CheckCustomizationSpec', 'Clone', 'CloneVM_Task', 'ConsolidateDisks', 'ConsolidateVMDisks_Task', 'CreateScreenshot', 'CreateScreenshot_Task', 'CreateSecondary', 'CreateSecondaryEx', 'CreateSecondaryVMEx_Task', 'CreateSecondaryVM_Task', 'CreateSnapshot', 'CreateSnapshotEx', 'CreateSnapshotEx_Task', 'CreateSnapshot_Task', 'CryptoUnlock', 'CryptoUnlock_Task', 'Customize', 'CustomizeVM_Task', 'DefragmentAllDisks', 'Destroy', 'Destroy_Task', 'DetachDisk', 'DetachDisk_Task', 'DisableSecondary', 'DisableSecondaryVM_Task', 'DropConnections', 'EnableSecondary', 'EnableSecondaryVM_Task', 'EstimateStorageForConsolidateSnapshots_Task', 'EstimateStorageRequirementForConsolidate', 'ExportVm', 'ExtractOvfEnvironment', 'InstantClone', 'InstantClone_Task', 'MakePrimary', 'MakePrimaryVM_Task', 'MarkAsTemplate', 'MarkAsVirtualMachine', 'Migrate', 'MigrateVM_Task', 'MountToolsInstaller', 'PowerOff', 'PowerOffVM_Task', 'PowerOn', 'PowerOnVM_Task', 'PromoteDisks', 'PromoteDisks_Task', 'PutUsbScanCodes', 'QueryChangedDiskAreas', 'QueryConnections', 'QueryFaultToleranceCompatibility', 'QueryFaultToleranceCompatibilityEx', 'QueryUnownedFiles', 'RebootGuest', 'ReconfigVM_Task', 'Reconfigure', 'RefreshStorageInfo', 'Reload', 'ReloadFromPath', 'Relocate', 'RelocateVM_Task', 'RemoveAllSnapshots', 'RemoveAllSnapshots_Task', 'Rename', 'Rename_Task', 'Reset', 'ResetGuestInformation', 'ResetVM_Task', 'RevertToCurrentSnapshot', 'RevertToCurrentSnapshot_Task', 'SendNMI', 'SetCustomValue', 'SetDisplayTopology', 'SetScreenResolution', 'ShutdownGuest', 'StandbyGuest', 'StartRecording', 'StartRecording_Task', 'StartReplaying', 'StartReplaying_Task', 'StopRecording', 'StopRecording_Task', 'StopReplaying', 'StopReplaying_Task', 'Suspend', 'SuspendVM_Task', 'Terminate', 'TerminateFaultTolerantVM', 'TerminateFaultTolerantVM_Task', 'TerminateVM', 'TurnOffFaultTolerance', 'TurnOffFaultToleranceForVM_Task', 'UnmountToolsInstaller', 'Unregister', 'UnregisterVM', 'UpgradeTools', 'UpgradeTools_Task', 'UpgradeVM_Task', 'UpgradeVirtualHardware', '_GetMethodInfo', '_GetMethodList', '_GetMoId', '_GetPropertyInfo', '_GetPropertyList', '_GetServerGuid', '_GetStub', '_InvokeAccessor', '_InvokeMethod', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__firstlineno__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattr__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__static_attributes__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_methodInfo', '_moId', '_propInfo', '_propList', '_serverGuid', '_stub', '_version', '_wsdlName', 'alarmActionsEnabled', 'availableField', 'capability', 'config', 'configIssue', 'configStatus', 'customValue', 'datastore', 'declaredAlarmState', 'disabledMethod', 'effectiveRole', 'environmentBrowser', 'guest', 'guestHeartbeatStatus', 'layout', 'layoutEx', 'name', 'network', 'overallStatus', 'parent', 'parentVApp', 'permission', 'recentTask', 'reloadVirtualMachineFromPath_Task', 'resourceConfig', 'resourcePool', 'rootSnapshot', 'runtime', 'setCustomValue', 'snapshot', 'storage', 'summary', 'tag', 'triggeredAlarmState', 'value']
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```
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### 获取虚拟机属性
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获取和打印出虚拟机 (VM) 概要信息的所有属性，提供了关于虚拟机的基本信息，`vm.summary` 会返回一个字典，包含常见属性。可以使用 vm.guest.ipAddress 方法获取到虚拟机的IP地址等。
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```python
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print(vm.summary)
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```
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> (vim.vm.Summary) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> vm = 'vim.VirtualMachine:1',
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> runtime = (vim.vm.RuntimeInfo) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> device = (vim.vm.DeviceRuntimeInfo) [
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> (vim.vm.DeviceRuntimeInfo) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> runtimeState = (vim.vm.DeviceRuntimeInfo.VirtualEthernetCardRuntimeState) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> vmDirectPathGen2Active = false,
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> vmDirectPathGen2InactiveReasonVm = (str) [
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> 'vmNptDisabledOrDisconnectedAdapter'
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> ],
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> vmDirectPathGen2InactiveReasonOther = (str) [],
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> vmDirectPathGen2InactiveReasonExtended = <unset>,
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> uptv2Active = <unset>,
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> uptv2InactiveReasonVm = (str) [],
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> uptv2InactiveReasonOther = (str) [],
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> reservationStatus = <unset>,
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> attachmentStatus = 'red',
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> featureRequirement = (vim.vm.FeatureRequirement) []
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> },
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> key = 4000
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> }
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> ],
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> host = 'vim.HostSystem:ha-host',
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> connectionState = 'connected',
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> powerState = 'poweredOff',
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> vmFailoverInProgress = <unset>,
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> faultToleranceState = 'notConfigured',
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> dasVmProtection = <unset>,
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> toolsInstallerMounted = false,
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> suspendTime = <unset>,
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> bootTime = <unset>,
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> suspendInterval = 0,
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> question = <unset>,
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> memoryOverhead = <unset>,
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> maxCpuUsage = 5184,
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> maxMemoryUsage = 4096,
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> numMksConnections = 0,
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> recordReplayState = 'inactive',
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> cleanPowerOff = false,
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> needSecondaryReason = <unset>,
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> onlineStandby = false,
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> minRequiredEVCModeKey = <unset>,
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> consolidationNeeded = false,
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> offlineFeatureRequirement = (vim.vm.FeatureRequirement) [
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> (vim.vm.FeatureRequirement) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> key = 'cpuid.lm',
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> featureName = 'cpuid.lm',
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> value = 'Bool:Min:1'
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> }
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> ],
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> featureRequirement = (vim.vm.FeatureRequirement) [],
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> featureMask = (vim.host.FeatureMask) [],
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> vFlashCacheAllocation = <unset>,
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> paused = false,
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> snapshotInBackground = false,
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> quiescedForkParent = <unset>,
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> instantCloneFrozen = false,
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> cryptoState = <unset>,
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> suspendedToMemory = <unset>,
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> opNotificationTimeout = <unset>,
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> iommuActive = <unset>
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> },
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> guest = (vim.vm.Summary.GuestSummary) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> guestId = <unset>,
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> guestFullName = <unset>,
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> toolsStatus = 'toolsNotRunning',
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> toolsVersionStatus = 'guestToolsUnmanaged',
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> toolsVersionStatus2 = 'guestToolsUnmanaged',
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> toolsRunningStatus = 'guestToolsNotRunning',
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> hostName = <unset>,
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> ipAddress = <unset>,
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> hwVersion = <unset>
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> },
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> config = (vim.vm.Summary.ConfigSummary) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> name = 'VMware vCenter Server Appliance',
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> template = false,
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> vmPathName = '[datastore1] VMware vCenter Server Appliance/VMware vCenter Server Appliance.vmx',
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> memorySizeMB = 4096,
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> cpuReservation = 0,
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> memoryReservation = 0,
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> numCpu = 2,
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> numEthernetCards = 1,
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> numVirtualDisks = 13,
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> uuid = '564d7d77-f37f-64a7-47f2-a131a337c070',
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> instanceUuid = '529e8be2-58ca-617c-ad7e-7f66de667471',
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> guestId = 'other3xLinux64Guest',
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> guestFullName = 'Other 3.x Linux (64-bit)',
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> annotation = 'VMware vCenter Server Appliance',
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> product = <unset>,
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> installBootRequired = <unset>,
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> ftInfo = <unset>,
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> managedBy = <unset>,
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> tpmPresent = false,
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> numVmiopBackings = 0,
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> hwVersion = <unset>
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> },
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> storage = (vim.vm.Summary.StorageSummary) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> committed = 37476296711,
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> uncommitted = 303123661815,
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> unshared = 37476296711,
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> timestamp = 2026-02-19T09:11:27.701184Z
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> },
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> quickStats = (vim.vm.Summary.QuickStats) {
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> dynamicType = <unset>,
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> dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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> overallCpuUsage = <unset>,
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> overallCpuDemand = <unset>,
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> overallCpuReadiness = <unset>,
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> guestMemoryUsage = <unset>,
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> hostMemoryUsage = <unset>,
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> guestHeartbeatStatus = 'gray',
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> distributedCpuEntitlement = <unset>,
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> distributedMemoryEntitlement = <unset>,
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> staticCpuEntitlement = <unset>,
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> staticMemoryEntitlement = <unset>,
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> grantedMemory = <unset>,
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> privateMemory = <unset>,
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> sharedMemory = <unset>,
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> swappedMemory = <unset>,
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> balloonedMemory = <unset>,
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> consumedOverheadMemory = <unset>,
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> ftLogBandwidth = <unset>,
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> ftSecondaryLatency = <unset>,
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> ftLatencyStatus = <unset>,
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> compressedMemory = <unset>,
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> uptimeSeconds = <unset>,
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> ssdSwappedMemory = <unset>,
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> activeMemory = <unset>,
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> memoryTierStats = (vim.vm.Summary.QuickStats.MemoryTierStats) []
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> },
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> overallStatus = 'green',
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> customValue = (vim.CustomFieldsManager.Value) []
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> }
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### 获取快照属性
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输出快照所有信息
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```python
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print(vm.snapshot)
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```
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``` json
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(vim.vm.SnapshotInfo) {
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dynamicType = <unset>,
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dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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currentSnapshot = 'vim.vm.Snapshot:1-snapshot-3',
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rootSnapshotList = (vim.vm.SnapshotTree) [
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(vim.vm.SnapshotTree) {
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dynamicType = <unset>,
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dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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snapshot = 'vim.vm.Snapshot:1-snapshot-1',
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vm = 'vim.VirtualMachine:1',
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name = 'snap-01', # 第一层快照
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description = 'Ansible snapshot',
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id = 1,
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createTime = 2026-02-17T03:26:08.834505Z,
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state = 'poweredOff',
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quiesced = false,
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backupManifest = <unset>,
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childSnapshotList = (vim.vm.SnapshotTree) [
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(vim.vm.SnapshotTree) {
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dynamicType = <unset>,
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dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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snapshot = 'vim.vm.Snapshot:1-snapshot-2',
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vm = 'vim.VirtualMachine:1',
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name = 'snap-02', # 第二层快照
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description = 'test-Ansible snapshot',
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id = 2,
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createTime = 2026-02-17T08:57:39.122511Z,
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state = 'poweredOff',
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quiesced = false,
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backupManifest = <unset>,
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childSnapshotList = (vim.vm.SnapshotTree) [
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(vim.vm.SnapshotTree) {
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dynamicType = <unset>,
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dynamicProperty = (vmodl.DynamicProperty) [],
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snapshot = 'vim.vm.Snapshot:1-snapshot-3',
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vm = 'vim.VirtualMachine:1',
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name = '虚拟机快照 2026%252f2%252f19 12:28:36', # 第二层快照
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description = '',
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id = 3,
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createTime = 2026-02-19T04:28:38.007703Z,
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state = 'poweredOn',
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quiesced = false,
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backupManifest = <unset>,
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childSnapshotList = (vim.vm.SnapshotTree) [],
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replaySupported = false
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}
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],
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replaySupported = false
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}
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],
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replaySupported = false
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}
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]
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}
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```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 打印快照树
|
||
|
||
``` python
|
||
def print_snapshot_tree(snapshot_info, level=0):
|
||
"""递归打印快照树（辅助函数）"""
|
||
indent = " " * level
|
||
print(f"{indent}├─ {snapshot_info['name']}")
|
||
print(f"{indent}│ ├─ 创建时间: {snapshot_info['createTime']}")
|
||
print(f"{indent}│ ├─ 描述: {snapshot_info['description']}")
|
||
print(f"{indent}│ ├─ 状态: {snapshot_info['state']}")
|
||
if snapshot_info['sizeMB']:
|
||
print(f"{indent}│ ├─ 大小: {snapshot_info['sizeMB']} MB")
|
||
|
||
for child in snapshot_info['children']:
|
||
print_snapshot_tree(child, level + 1)
|
||
|
||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||
vms = get_all_vms()
|
||
|
||
# 打印示例：显示每个VM的快照信息
|
||
for vm in vms:
|
||
print(f"\nVM: {vm['name']}")
|
||
if vm['snapshots']:
|
||
print(f"快照数量: {len(vm['snapshots'])}")
|
||
for snapshot in vm['snapshots']:
|
||
print_snapshot_tree(snapshot)
|
||
else:
|
||
print("无快照")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## PY 文件作用描述
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
``` powershell
|
||
PS D:\PycharmProjects\RemoveWeeklyShapshot> tree /F
|
||
卷 Date 的文件夹 PATH 列表
|
||
卷序列号为 0E45-0F72
|
||
D:.
|
||
│ README.md # 项目描述
|
||
│
|
||
├─config # 项目程序配置文件
|
||
│ │ config.yaml # 配置文件
|
||
│ │ settings.py # 配置加载和全局变量
|
||
│
|
||
├─core # 核心程序
|
||
│ │ deleteSnapshots.py
|
||
│ │ getVmsSnapshots.py
|
||
│
|
||
├─logs # 日志文件
|
||
│ 20260220-RemoveWeeklyShapshot.log
|
||
│
|
||
├─output # 数据输出文件
|
||
│ 2026-02-20-old_snapshots.yaml
|
||
│ 2026-02-20_20-36-45-VMsSnapShots_report.xlsx
|
||
│
|
||
├─utils # 工具函数
|
||
│ │ logger.py # 日志配置
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 所用到的 Python 库
|
||
|
||
``` powershell
|
||
PS D:\PycharmProjects\RemoveWeeklyShapshot> pip freeze > requirements.txt
|
||
openpyxl==3.2.0b1
|
||
pandas==3.0.1
|
||
pyvmomi==9.0.0.0
|
||
PyYAML==6.0.3
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` shell
|
||
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## **定时执行**（Linux crontab）：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 每月1号凌晨2点执行
|
||
0 2 1 * * /usr/bin/python3 /var/RemoveWeeklyShapshot/main.py 2>&1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|